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- $Unique_ID{BRK04161}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency}
- $Subject{Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Alaninuria Intermittent Ataxia with
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Lactic and Pyruvate Acidemia with
- Carbohydrate Sensitivity Lactic and Pyruvate Acidemia with Episodic Ataxia and
- Weakness PDH Deficiency}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1990, 1992 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 413:
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Deficiency) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing
- on the next page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related
- disorders covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Alaninuria
- Intermittent Ataxia with Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Lactic and Pyruvate Acidemia with Carbohydrate Sensitivity
- Lactic and Pyruvate Acidemia with Episodic Ataxia and Weakness
- PDH Deficiency
-
- Information on the following disorder can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Leigh Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency is a disorder of carbohydrate
- metabolism inherited through autosomal recessive genes. Symptoms are caused
- by a deficiency of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase resulting in persistent
- or recurrent metabolic acidosis (acidemia). The disorder is manifested by
- mental retardation and other neurological symptoms.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency may range from severe acidosis
- appearing during the first few days of life to recurrent episodes of muscle
- incoordination and/or (ataxia) often associated with upper respiratory
- infection or other minor stress. The growth rate may be slowed in some
- children with this disorder. Varying degrees of neurologic deficits and
- mental retardation may occur in patients with this type of acidosis.
-
- Biochemical abnormalities may vary from severe acidosis (due to
- abnormally high levels of lactic acid) appearing shortly after birth to
- mildly elevated levels which usually follows a meal high in carbohydrates.
- In some cases elevation of blood lactate levels is seen only during the acute
- episodes. Excretion of abnormally large amounts of the amino acid alanine
- (alaninuria) may occur only during acute episodes.
-
- Causes
-
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency is inherited as an autosomal recessive
- trait. A deficiency of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase causes defective
- oxidation of pyruvate. In the more severely affected patients, lactic
- acidosis may be triggered when a meal high in carbohydrates is eaten.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not
- appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If
- one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be
- a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency appears to affect males in slightly higher
- numbers than females.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The following disorder has similar symptoms to Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Deficiency. Comparison can be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Leigh Disease is a genetic metabolic disorder characterized by lesions of
- the brain, spinal cord, optic nerve, and in some cases, an enlarged heart.
- Symptoms during infancy may include low body weight, slow growth, tremors,
- skin changes and interrupted breathing patterns. Progressive neurological
- disturbances, mental retardation, slurred speech and loss of motor
- coordination (ataxia) may occur in cases that begin during or after infancy.
- Abnormalities of eye movement and other vision problems may develop in cases
- with later onset. This disorder is inherited as a recessive trait. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Leigh" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Diagnosis of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency can be made shortly after
- birth by biochemical assay in fibroblast cells.
-
- Symptoms of this disorder can be somewhat controlled in some cases by
- avoiding carbohydrates and increasing fat in the diet. Avoidance of
- infection and undue stress is also recommended. Some cases may respond to
- treatment with thiamine (vitamin B1) or lipoic acid.
-
- Genetic counseling will be helpful to families of children with Pyruvate
- Dehydrogenase Deficiency.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Clinical trials are underway to study stable isotope technique in
- glucogenesis and Krebs cycle and patient response to treatment. Interested
- persons may wish to contact:
-
- Dr. W.N. Paul Lee
- Harbor University of CA, Los Angeles Medical Center
- Dept. of Pediatrics
- 1000 W. Carson St.
- Torrance, CA 90509
- (213) 533-2503
-
- to see if further patients are needed for this research.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Lactic Acidosis Support Group
- P.O. Box 480282
- Denver, CO 80248
- (303) 287-4953
-
- Organic Acidemia Association
- 522 Lander St.
- Reno, NV 89512
- (703) 322-5542
-
- British Organic Acidemia Association
- 5 Saxon Rd.
- Ashford, Middlesex TW15 1QL
- England
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- Telephone: (0270) 250244
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 2080.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 6th ed.: Charles R. Scriver,
- et al.; eds., McGraw Hill, 1989. Pp. 674, 873-874.
-
-